Domain: Algebra | Skill: Linear functions | Difficulty: Medium

Master Linear Functions: Your Gateway to SAT Math Success

Linear functions are the backbone of SAT Algebra, appearing in roughly 15-20% of all math questions. At the medium difficulty level, these questions go beyond simple slope calculations—they test your ability to interpret real-world scenarios, work with intercepts, and manipulate function notation. Mastering this skill is crucial because linear functions often appear in word problems that combine multiple concepts, making them perfect for demonstrating your mathematical reasoning abilities.

Common Question Types for Linear Functions

Typical Format	What It Tests	Quick Strategy
Given \(f(x) = mx + b\), find intercepts	Understanding where graphs cross axes	Set \(y = 0\) for x-intercept, \(x = 0\) for y-intercept
Profit/cost word problems with linear models	Real-world application of linear functions	Identify what variables represent before solving
Finding function values given conditions	Working with function notation	Substitute given values systematically
Rate of change problems	Understanding slope in context	Look for “per” or “each” to identify rates

Real SAT-Style Example

Question: The function \(f\) is defined by \(f(x) = 3x – 15\). The graph of \(y = f(x)\) in the \(xy\)-plane has an \(x\)-intercept at \((a, 0)\) and a \(y\)-intercept at \((0, b)\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are constants. What is the value of \(a \times b\)?

A) -20

B) 20

C) -75 ✅

D) 75

Solution:

Finding the x-intercept (where y = 0):

Set \(f(x) = 0\):

\[3x – 15 = 0\] \[3x = 15\] \[x = 5\]

So \(a = 5\)

Finding the y-intercept (where x = 0):

Substitute \(x = 0\) into \(f(x)\):

\[f(0) = 3(0) – 15 = -15\]

So \(b = -15\)

Calculate the product:

\[a \times b = 5 \times (-15) = -75\]

The answer is C) -75

Step-by-Step Strategy for Linear Functions (Medium Level)

1. Identify the function form: Recognize whether you have \(f(x) = mx + b\), \(y = mx + b\), or a word problem that creates a linear relationship.
2. Determine what you need to find: Are you looking for intercepts, specific function values, or solving for variables?
3. Set up your equations systematically: For intercepts, remember x-intercept means \(y = 0\) and y-intercept means \(x = 0\).
4. Solve algebraically: Show your work clearly, especially when dealing with negative numbers.
5. Verify your answer: Check if your result makes sense in context and matches one of the given options.

Applying the Strategy to Our Example

Step 1 applied: We identify that \(f(x) = 3x – 15\) is in the form \(f(x) = mx + b\) where \(m = 3\) (slope) and \(b = -15\) (y-intercept value).

Step 2 applied: We need to find both intercepts (\(a\) and \(b\)) and then calculate their product \(a \times b\).

Step 3 applied: For the x-intercept, we set \(f(x) = 0\) and solve: \(3x – 15 = 0\) gives us \(x = 5\). For the y-intercept, we evaluate \(f(0) = 3(0) – 15 = -15\).

Step 4 applied: We multiply our values: \(5 \times (-15) = -75\). We’re careful with the negative sign!

Step 5 applied: We verify: -75 is negative (makes sense since we’re multiplying positive by negative), and it matches option C.

Ready to Try It on Real Questions?

Now that you understand the strategy, it’s time to practice with authentic SAT questions! Head to mytestprep.ai and follow these steps:

1 . Login using your account or signup on mytestprep.ai
2 . Click on Practice Sessions once you are on the dashboard. You will see the link on the left side navigation menu of the dashboard
3 . Click on Create New Session
4 . Start with Co-Pilot Mode on with hints and explanations—it’s like having a personal coach who explains exactly why each answer is right or wrong
5 . Select Math as your subject
6 . Select Algebra under Domain, Linear functions as skill and Medium difficulty
7 . Select desired number of questions
8 . Start practicing. Happy Practicing!

Key Takeaways

• Always identify what form your linear function is in before solving
• Remember: x-intercept occurs when \(y = 0\), y-intercept when \(x = 0\)
• In word problems, clearly define what each variable represents
• Check your work with negative numbers—they’re a common source of errors
• Practice translating between different representations (equations, graphs, tables, words)
• Use the substitution method systematically to avoid mistakes

Linear functions at the medium level require both procedural fluency and conceptual understanding. By mastering these strategies and practicing regularly on mytestprep.ai, you’ll build the confidence to tackle any linear function question the SAT throws your way!